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S1C – Dose Selection for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals

Guideline number: S1C(R2)
Status: Implementation (Step 5)
Adopted (Step 4): 11 March 2008

This document addresses the criteria for the selection of the high dose to be used in carcinogenicity studies on new therapeutic agents to harmonise current practices and improve the design of studies. The Addendum on “Addition of a Limit Dose and Related Notes”, finalised in July 1997, has been incorporated into the core Guideline in November 2005, which was then renamed S1C(R1).

The second revision has been approved by the ICH Steering Committee under Step 4 in March 2008 (S1C(R2)). In the second revision, the pharmacokinetic endpoint of 25 is declared to be applicable also for pharmaceuticals with positive genotoxicity signals. This change has implications on “Refinement” (one of the 3R’s) in enhancing the welfare, e.g., reducing the pain or discomfort of the animals at the maximally tolerated dose (MTD).

The ICH Harmonised Guideline was finalised under Step 4 in July 1997. This document covers the preclinical safety testing requirements for biotechnological products. It addresses the use of animal models of disease, determination of when genotoxicity assays and carcinogenicity studies should be performed, and the impact of antibody formation on duration of toxicology studies.

An addendum was proposed to provide clarification on S6 and an update of the following topics discussed in the original ICH S6 Guideline: species selection, study design, immunogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity and assessment of carcinogenic potential. The Harmonised addendum provides further complementary guidance to the S6 Guideline and helps to define the current recommendations and reduce the likelihood that substantial differences will exist among regions.

The addendum reached Step 4 of the harmonisation process in June 2011 and was integrated as part II in the core Guideline that was then renamed S6(R1).

Guideline
WG Presentations / Trainings

Annexes

Annexes

Guideline implementation

ANMAT, Argentina

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Not yet implemented;
ANVISA, Brazil

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Implemented; Date: 1 January 2013; Reference: Guideline for Toxicological Non-Clinical Studies and Pharmacological Safety required for the development of medicines
COFEPRIS, Mexico

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Implemented; Date: 9 October 2024; Reference: Guideline on The Need For Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals
EC, Europe

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Implemented; Date: 1 October 2008; Reference: CHMP/ICH/383/1995
EDA, Egypt

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Implemented; Date: 1 January 2010; Reference: Regulatory Guide for mechanisms, procedures and rules of implementing the Decree of Egyptian Drug Authority No.343 of 2021
FDA, United States

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Implemented; Date: 1 September 2008; Reference: Vol. 62, No. 233
HSA, Singapore

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Implemented; Date: 1 January 2008; Reference: HSA, Singapore webpage: Guidance documents for clinical trials
Health Canada, Canada

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Implemented; Date: 10 June 2016; Reference: File #: 16-106598-127
JFDA, Jordan

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Not yet implemented;
MFDS, Republic of Korea

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Implemented; Date: 1 December 2012; Reference: Point to Consider on Standard for Toxicity Study of Pharmaceuticals, etc. [Guideline-0758-01]
MHLW/PMDA, Japan

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Implemented; Date: 1 November 2008; Reference: PFSB/ELD Notification No. 1127001
MHRA, UK

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Implemented; Date: 17 December 1995;
NAFDAC, Nigeria

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Not yet implemented;
NMPA, China

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Implemented; Date: 1 May 2020; Reference: NMPA, China Announcement No. 89 (2019)
SAHPRA, South Africa

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In the process of implementation;
SFDA, Saudi Arabia

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Implemented; Date: 7 January 2024;
Swissmedic, Switzerland

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Implemented; Date: 11 March 2008; Reference: ICH Guidelines apply in Switzerland automatically upon reaching Step 4: Swissmedic Journal 05/2006, p. 504
TFDA, Chinese Taipei

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Implemented; Date: 7 July 2014; Reference: 1. Guidance on Pharmacetutical Non-clinical Safety V5 2. Dose Selection for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals
TITCK, Türkiye

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Implemented; Date: 6 October 2020; Reference: Guideline on Non-Clinical Evaluation of Human Vaccines 06.10.2020

Q+A

Q+A Status: Implementation (Step 5)